Cross-language canonicals: diagnose an international SEO mismatch
A practical diagnostic for cross-language canonical SEO: why translated pages get consolidated into the wrong language, and how to fix hreflang and canonical signals.
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Robots.txt versus noindex: why blocking can prevent deindexing
Blocking a URL in robots.txt stops crawlers reading a noindex tag, so the page can stay indexed. Learn the correct order, a diagnostic test and when to use each rule.
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Ecommerce soft 404s: distinguish empty pages from server errors
How to tell an empty ecommerce page from a real server error: status codes, Google's soft 404 signal, and a diagnostic workflow for out-of-stock and empty catalogue URLs.
Read articleJavaScript product SEO: compare initial HTML and rendered content
Compare a product page's initial HTML with its rendered HTML to find content Google may never see, using Google's own rendering and testing guidance.
Read articleCrawl budget for large catalogs: establish a problem before optimizing
Crawl budget only matters for very large or fast-changing sites. Learn how to prove a crawling problem with server logs and Search Console before optimizing.
Read articleHreflang en-GB and en-US: when distinct English versions are justified
A practical guide to hreflang en-GB and en-US: when distinct English versions are justified, how to implement them, and how to verify the setup.
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